Peoples Accountability Commission
on Floods (PACF)
|
Civil Society Floods
Situation Report (CSFSR)
|
Emergency Shelter Status and Early
Recovery framework Response
|
Prepared
and Released By
Peoples
Accountability Commission on Floods (PACF)
|
Table of Contents
The magnitude of the destruction and damages in Shelter sector is
catastrophic keeping in view the reports generated by Pakistan Shelter Cluster.
The reports reveal that in 23 Districts of Sindh 1,596,787 houses have been
destroyed or damaged with the coverage of 27% with the standardized package of
one tent or two tarpaulins to one household. To meet the unmet needs of the
flood affected communities projected coverage of emergency shelter in pipeline
has been reported 32% however current situation of remaining targets in
emergency shelter becomes 73% in these winterization season (As per report generated on 5th
January Pakistan Shelter cluster).
The situation worsens further with decision of the NDMA and PDMA
the Government authorities with the responsibilities to manage the disaster
responses and direct humanitarian partners about the schemes of things. The
decision of the national and provincial disaster management authorities to stop
the relief services and suggested the humanitarian partners to incorporate the
relief funds in early recovery framework. Consequently relief services comprising
unconditional food support and emergency relief shelter were stopped in nine
districts in the month of November out of twelve districts. Three districts
namely Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Umerkot relief services were also stopped in 31st
of December whereas plan was to extend the relief services till March 2012.
District Badin has asked PDMA to extend the relief services
keeping in view the severity of the situation but yet no decision has been
announced in this regard. The relief phase varies subject to the magnitude of
the damages to basic structures and timely response to the relief needs of the
affected communities. Three months are suggested the standardized period for
the relief phase but subject to the comprehensive planning and meaningful
response where as reports suggest that proposed intervention by WFP for
unconditional food support to uncovered population have not met the targets
besides delay in initiation of the early recovery initiatives.
The Logic and intention of the NDMA to stop relief services are
not clear in black and white but verbally in meetings it has been remarked by
government authorities that Pakistan card will cover the gap and sustainable development
would be prioritized. Yet early recovery contingency planning is in queue and
undeclared at District and provincial level and frameworks ,modules, response
strategy and implementation for ensuring sustainable infrastructures will take
time to address the unmet needs of the vulnerable flood affected community.
Situation becomes rather critical when we find that yet 4Ws for early recovery
initiatives for permanent shelter is not prepared and announced.
In addition to delayed response from Government for start of early
recovery initiatives the current situation in shelter sector is alarming in
highly affected eight Districts namely Badin, Umerkot, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas.
TandoAllahyar, Tando Muhammad Khan,Shaheed Benazirabad and Tharparkar. As per
shelter cluster report till 6th January 1,358,157 houses fully or partially
destroyed and damaged in above mentioned districts whereas coverage has been
made yet 29% in emergency shelter.
Early recovery framework is supposed to build transitional and
permanent shelter for the flood affected communities and would activate the
skilled and unskilled labor markets and by boosting up the supply chain and
market relating to building industries.
Peoples’ accountability commission on floods and Participatory
Development Initiatives Advocacy secretariat got feedback during the cluster
meetings and consultations in various districts that process for rebuilding the
shelter is yet under assessment process where as status of approved projects
for ERF relating to the shelter are not final. It has been analyzed in the
report that delay is inevitable because situation is yet in planning phase.
Mostly relief services proposals were submitted in flash appeal by humanitarian
partners for relief services and now filtration is going on and those proposals
would be approved which match the early recovery frameworks.
This report also records and shows concerns on the inundation
situation ad budget requirement in Shelter and NIFs sector. As per report
generated by provided by SUPARCO through satellite imaginary dated on 1st
January 2012 yet 2041 (SK) land is inundated majorly in Sanghar District 648
(SK) 483 (SK) in Badin and 200 (SK) in Mirpurkhas. With regard to the unmet
funding in Shelter and NFIs sector 46% appeal has been funded. In report the
apprehension has been shown that coming post emergency projects will take two
months to translate into activities causing sufferings for the flood affected
peoples.
Keeping in view the bad situation after the announcement of the
Government to roll back the relief phase it has been recommended in weekly
situation analyses report on shelter by PACF that peoples are found in
spontaneous camps in winter situation without food and emergency shelter
support therefore early recovery initiatives particularly in shelter sector
should be started immediately to minimize vulnerabilities of the flood affected
communities. In addition to it, activities for Cash for work and food for work
would curtail the miserable situation by supporting community to be self
reliant and self sustained if started within present times.
It has also been observed and recommended in SARF report that
inundation situation in many areas have derailed agriculture and shelter sector
to come on the feet and district administration should expedite the process of
water recession so that process of recovery and rehabilitation can be
neutralized. Furthermore participation of the community through cash for work
in water recession and early recovery process can be made to avert the concept
of the charity form the flood affected community.
Peoples Accountability Commission on Floods (PACF) a
volunteer network of local community activists representing eight flood
affected districts along with participation of Karachi and Hyderabad with
facilitation of advocacy and research secretariat based at Karachi. This report
contains the analysis of shelter status along with early recovery framework
response by Government, especially in ERF phase in majorly affected districts
namely Umerkot, Shaheed Benazirabad, Badin, TM Khan, Tharparkar, Mirpurkhas,
Sanghar and Tando Allahyar. Currently PACF is going to release the 8th
Civil Society Flood Situation Report (CSFSR) on the issue “Emergency Shelter
Status and Early Recovery Framework Response”. The report contains analysis of
field reports generated by our volunteer network (PACF) district level consultations,
field visits to tents cities, FGDs in UCs, meetings with UN OCHA Focal points and
secondary data generated from shelter updates, appeals, MSDNA and TSSU reports.
The PACF has already issued seven reports on very practical themes which have
been covered by Print Media with encouraging response.
1. Consultations in Badin and TAY
2. Field Visits to tents cities in TAY and Mithi
3. FGDs in UC Bukera in TAY
4. Meetings with UN OCHA Focal points
1. Pakistan Shelter cluster updates
2. Flash Appeal Initial three months plan
3. Multi sector damages needs assessment 2011
4. Temporary settlement support Unit phase4 report
As per census report in 1998, there were 5.022
million households in Sindh, with average household size at 6.0 persons and
occupancy at 3.3 persons per room. The overall housing stock comprised 52
percent kutcha houses mostly without proper water supply, 48 percent semi-pucca
houses mostly without planned sanitation or sewerage system. The majority of
rural housing is kutcha ( mud ), with minimal water supply and sanitation or drainage
services. Almost half of the urban population is living in slums and kutchi
abadis, with inadequate housing and living conditions. (Quoted in Moon Soon Contingency Planning
2011 Government of Sindh)
Rapid assessments carried out by PDMA/ OCHA/
WFP, UNHCR (protection) and IOM (Temporary Settlement Monitoring) indicate that
severe rain and floods of the 2011 monsoon season damaged or destroyed at least
1,200,000 homes in southern and mid Sindh. As a result, hundreds of thousands
became homeless and displaced, and in many cases lost personal belongings such
as clothing, bedding, and personal hygiene articles and got sheltering in more
than 3,500 dispersed or collective temporary settlements. Reported
in Flash Appeal Initial 3 months plan by IOM.
The strategy is based on assisting all of
those whose homes have been seriously damaged or destroyed or otherwise cannot
access emergency shelter. Within the emergency phase, the shelter/NFI cluster
were to ensure that sufficient cost effective emergency shelters and NFI’s
would be provided to those whose homes have been seriously damaged or destroyed
by the monsoon or cannot otherwise access shelter Protection from the rain and
sun as well as providing privacy and dignity with sufficient space in the
community shelters were the key objectives.
The shelter cluster were to ensure, through
its Temporary Settlements Support Unit (TSSU), that the needs of people in the
more than 3,500 temporary settlements would be met, by monitoring and
coordinating their movements and mobilizing shelter and health, wash and food
support. The unit will also support the government, upon request, in the
management and planning of temporary settlements.
Cluster Members
Agency for Technical Cooperation and
Development (ACTED), Care International, Concern Worldwide Catholic
Organization for Relief & Development Aid (Cordaid), Catholic Relief
Services (CRS), Church World Service (CWS), Foundation for Rural Development,
FRD, Human Development Foundation (HDF), Help in need Pakistan, Handicap
International (HI), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Johanniter
International, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), National Rural
Support Programme (NRSP), Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Pakistan Red
Crescent, Qatar Charity, Red R UK, Salik Development Foundation, Save the
Children, Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO), Society for
sustainable Development, Sustainable Peace and Development Organization, Just
Peace International, UN-Habitat, Office of the UN High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR), World Vision International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
(observer)
As per updates on 6th January 2012
by Pakistan Flood Shelter Cluster about Emergency Shelter and NFIs coverage and
gaps underlying situations has been mentioned.
Provinces
|
Number of AFFECTED
districts*
|
Houses Destroyed or
Damaged*
|
Emergency
Shelter Distributed
|
|||
Tents
|
Tarpaulins
|
Shelters Provided (One tent or two
Tarpaulins)
|
Coverage (Shelters Provided / Need)
|
|||
Sindh
|
23
|
1,596,787
|
339,060
|
279,630
|
438,875
|
27%
|
The above mentioned data confirms the 27%
coverage in 23 Districts of the Sindh against the government announced case
load more than fifteen lacks destroyed and damaged houses. This is the huge
caseload demanding the comprehensive strategy. As per census report in one
house 6 members live and if we multiply the given figure of 1,596,787 with 6
persons than it becomes huge figure affecting the 9,580,722 populations.
In current updates Pakistan flood emergency
shelter cluster has planned 32% coverage for the remaining 1,117,912 affected
households but early recovery framework has started and relief phase has ended
up and yet priorities for transitional shelter or permanent shelter have not
been finalized.
As per humanitarian funding updates on 3rd
January 2012 it has been reported Shelter/NFIs received 48% funding portion of
which have been used on 27%. Now Government has suggested incorporating the
relief budget on early recovery developments.
Less of funding indicates the gaps in planning
and unmet needs of the flood affected communities in providing temporary relief
to the displaced population. Whereas it is presumed that relief package in any
sector try to cover the 100% target and fact is this that we have not covered
our relief support to more than 70% in emergency shelter for protection from
sun, rain, privacy and dignity and we are going to initiate transitional and
permanent shelter without mobilizing human and financial resources.
The available data of Government of Sindh
Rehabilitation Department on PDMA website with regard to the emergency shelter
support to 22 districts contains the figure till 26th December 2011.
Underlying table shows the government response as under
S#
|
Donor
|
Households served
|
1
|
PDMA
|
103,952
|
3
|
Relief Department
|
44,650
|
4
|
NDMA
|
111,241
|
Total Households served
|
259,843
|
The flash appeal was submitted in 17th
September 2011 estimating the funds for the Emergency shelter/NFIs 66,452,014
USD whereas 32,065,805 were gained in funding. Yet no revised appeal has been
made to initiate the early recovery interventions.
Relief phase has been stopped by the
Government on 31st December 2011 and early recovery framework has
officially started from January 2012. Surveys confirm conducted by NDMA, UNOCHA
and other humanitarian partners that shelter is the most top priority of flood
affected people after food whereas peoples displaced have been forced to leave
the camps due to the stoppage of the relief services. Currently those peoples
who have lost completely their housed and without assets to rebuild their
shelters are vulnerable and helpless due to the non-intervention in shelter
sector. Situation has further worsened when people are in winter season and
living in shadows.
NDMA and UN has surveyed in Multi
sector damages needs assessment and found that 57% of the communities were flooded
in Thatta, Badin and Tando Mohammad Khan districts and 46% in MirpuKhas, Tharparkar,
Umerkot and Sanghar districts.
In a situation where flood has passed
more than three months and community suffering inundation2041 (SK), stoppage of
unconditional food support, denial of income generation initiatives and absence
of effective planning and response from government side, the flood affected are
in dire need of the shelter to protect their privacy and dignity.
During the emergency phase the cluster
were also to ensure that an early recovery strategy will be developed based on
best practices from the 2010 response. This flash appeal did not include the
costs associated with post-emergency shelter nor winterization
requirements.
S#
|
District
|
Houses Completely Destroyed
|
Houses Partially Damage
|
Total Damage / Destroyed houses
|
Tents
|
Tarpaulins
|
HH
Served
|
Gap
|
Coverage / Damage
|
1
|
T.M Khan
|
25,353
|
47,582
|
72,935
|
207,780
|
11,243
|
26402
|
-
46,533
|
36
|
2
|
Badin
|
210407
|
172155
|
382562
|
48753
|
56337
|
76922
|
-305,640
|
20
|
3
|
Tharparkar
|
81460
|
96896
|
178356
|
20720
|
11500
|
26540
|
-151,816
|
15
|
4
|
Mirpur Khas
|
87483
|
30627
|
118110
|
38954
|
44530
|
61219
|
- 56,891
|
52
|
5
|
Tando Allahyar
|
6031
|
64132
|
70163
|
14082
|
13622
|
20893
|
-
49,270
|
30
|
6
|
Umarkot
|
28655
|
93448
|
122103
|
20885
|
24390
|
33083
|
- 89,020
|
27
|
7
|
Sanghar
|
88722
|
125206
|
213928
|
45343
|
59972
|
75329
|
-138,599
|
35
|
8
|
S. Banazir Abad
|
100000
|
100000
|
200000
|
70084
|
18175
|
79172
|
-120,828
|
40
|
Total
|
628,111
|
730,046
|
1,358,157
|
466,601
|
239,769
|
399,560
|
-958,597
|
29
|
The cluster strategy is divided in an
emergency and early recovery phase, although these phases were interconnected
and overlapping. Additional specific shelter sector assessments were required
to define a realistic and most cost effective response to support
post-emergency shelter The Flash appeal was limited to the life saving phase
and did not include post-emergency shelter nor winterization requirements.
Currently no any kind of the modalities or
strategies have been finalized on the ground to initiate the transitional or
permanent shelter between the Government and Humanitarian partners. Yet Revised
Flash appeal has not been prepared to submit the humanitarian donor agencies
whereas revised appeal can take at least two months to translate the proposals
in implementing projects. As per protocol revised appeal has to be submitted
within the four weeks on the request.
When Flood advocacy secretariat arranged
meetings with the coordination structures of the Government and UN OCHA
regarding the shelter in context of the early recovery framework it was shared
by the coordination mechanisms at District and Provincial level that yet
situation is uncertain regarding the funding and revised appeal. It was shared
by the District Offices Coordinator UN OCHA based at Karachi that Government
does not own the figure of 4.8 million of affected people based on the survey
of MSNA and owns the figure of 9 million creating the situation of frustration
for humanitarian partners to launch the sustainable situation.
Currently coordination structures are not well
defined as OCHA is bound to remain till the relief phase and when ER phase
starts it is the responsibility of UNDP to coordinate the efforts. There is a
challenge to incorporate the flash appeal based on the relief services into early
recovery frameworks. The nature of the relief projects and early recovery
projects differ very much financially and technically. Relief works can cover
100% population where as in early recovery frameworks vulnerable are the
priority.
As per PDMA report 99% camps have been
evacuated whereas spontaneous camps are there in which flood affected peoples
are looking for rebuilding their shelter. People have lost their infrastructure
and income source to face their financial needs and yet no intervention in
transitional or permanent shelter is visible in the field.
In response to flash appeal based on Pakistan
Rapid Response Plan for Floods 2011 overall response has met the 46% of the
funding and 48% in shelter. In the initial plan of 3 month of emergency shelter
post emergency and westernization items were not included in the plan.
Due to the top priority of the shelter revised
appeal has to be made where as it was to be made before the stoppage of the
relief phase. Yet Districts contingencies plans have not come on the grounds to
meet the shelter needs of the community.
Humanitarian partners, Community Activists
have great concern on the week and non comprehensive planning from Government
side to respond properly to the losses and damages of great magnitude.
District
Level Consultation on the Issues of Flood Affected Communities at Tando
Allahyar
|
With regard to rehabilitation of their
temporary and permanent shelters and it was told that neither government nor
any NGO yet started building shelter. In District Tando Allahyar it was shared
by District Focal person UN OCHA from District Tando Allahyar and TMK some organizations
are planning for village model system. He there are lot of villages fully
damaged need to be rehabilitated fully with certain model and yet things are in
queue. Funding is not encouraging and over all targets in relief services are
under achieved. We have almost reached 46 persons out of 100 if services are not
derailed to duplication. Development is the mandate of government and UNO is
here to support government through meaningful coordination with humanitarian
partners.
There was an Ibrahim colony yet inundated
nearby the city of Tando allahyar and it was mentioned that District Government
bought ten pumping machines but five can be used. It was estimated by an old
aged Mr. Imdad khan farmer from UC Buker that maximum 20 days are enough to
collapse our kacha houses and we have suffered two months water situation. Now
where we can live? Can government tell us we go to live?
After the food, shelter was highlighted the
most pressing need of the community. During the consultation the feedback with
regard to the shelter it was found that nowhere in the field building of the
transitional or permanent shelter has been initiated where as flood affected
peoples are rather more vulnerable in winter situation.
Common man is surprised that why the government,
international community, philanthropists, and humanitarian donor agencies have
ignored them to live the life with dignity. Peoples are frustrated with the
repeated commitments by the government to respond their human and unmet basic
needs after the flood.
Shelter less
women in TAY
|
In UC Began Jarwar and Bukera sharif peoples
were in tents and their land was under water. People were complaining that
neither food assistance nor shelter is being provided to them in this cold
season whereas their income source is invisible.
Currently Shelter is top of the dire needs
after food as recorded charter of demands (PACFs)
In the meeting with Coordination Districts UN
OCHA it was shared that organization are leaving and it is apprehended that it
would continue keeping in view the response and situation handling of
administration and government. He apprehended funds are more required for
shelter and it is expensive venture but very meaningful to support everything.
He said UNO is here to render coordination, technical moral support to
Government and yet situation is uncertain.
v It is mandatory that government should start
on the priority basis rebuilding the fully damaged houses and expedite the
process of service delivery.
v The modalities as village model system should
be developed keeping in view the environment, social and demographical
implications of the shelter projects.
v Community Dialogue and shelter committees
should be developed to ensure the participation of the community for the
selection of most vulnerable as widow household heads, Disables and asset less
poor.
v Winterization items should be distributed as
the relief services for those who are shelter less.
v Government should review its partnership and
ensure meaningful and effective coordination with Humanitarian partners for
coming on ground to support the flood affected communities.
v Flood response should be devolved to districts
level for the speed of work and provincial level interference must be
minimized.
v Basic Coordination structures between
Government and UN should be standardized for effective information sharing and
service delivery.
v Efforts should be made to cover the unmet
needs of the peoples particularly in emergency shelter until early recovery
initiatives start.
v Government should learn from the experiences
of 2010 floods for the well calculated interventions in response to rain flood
damages.
v Protection perspective should be there to
ensure the human rights monitoring process
v Most vulnerable suffer badly and must be
prioritized as old aged, child, pregnant and lactating women and special are
suffering in winter season.
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