This report is the 10^th Civil Society floods Situation Report (CSFSR) which is based on issue of education situation after phasing out of the ERWG from flood response 2010 and emergency response from Monsoon flood response 2011. Generally UNICEF is the major actor from the humanitarian partner with Reform Support Unit representing provincial government proving the leadership to the education cluster members.

As relief service during emergency 2011 response in education has suffered 75% gap against nearly 390,000 target beneficiaries of the education cluster to help affected children, adolescents and their parents to access their right to education without delay due to the lack of funding. Damages are huge in context of education material losses, decrease in Enrollment, Attendance, water & sanitation systems and furniture. More than thirteen lacks schools partially or fully in Sindh (80 primary) suffered hard ware and software losses during 2010 and 2011 floods.60% of the schools have been damaged having the number 8,820 schools during rain flood 2011.

On 29^th of the September 2011 Humanitarian Bulletin was generated by UNOCHA on the basis of UN-Government joint rapid needs assessments made in 16 districts of Sindh. Report found 5.44 million people affected (25 percent of the total population) with 2.66 million women and 1.8 million peoples became homeless. NDMA differed on the figures and declared 8.9 million people affected by rain floods in Sindh. Need for an integrated approach towards response in Sindh was desired and demanded by worst flood situation damaging almost every sector of society. Humanitarian partners with the line of Government proposed interventions to render the relief services to rain flood affected peoples and demanded 356,759,669 USD and whereas only 46% could be funded during the relief services period of three months. It was failure of the Government to assert the situation properly in planning and responding to the repeated disaster in Sindh. Projects on food security, water& sanitation, hygiene, shelter/NFIs, Health, logistics, coordination and for unidentified sectors were submitted but not funded as per requirement.

During the past three weeks, number of IDPs has reduced to 6,912 from 768,457 reported by PDMA. The number of tent cities/camps has considerably reduced as 99% have returned to their home districts or place of origin. Flood affected community has the greater need for resumption of education services in areas of return through rehabilitation of government schools on war footing. 60% schools are closed with the urgent necessity to create temporary structures for learning of children. This necessitates a need for setting up temporary learning centers (TLCs) in temporary camps to provide temporary educational facilities. There is urgent an urgent need to resume education in areas of return either with provision of TLCs or rehabilitation of schools.

To save children from losing one year of academic learning or risk them dropping out of school entirely, it is important to ensure that children have access to safe and protected learning environments during their displacement and to support the resumption of formal education systems as soon as possible in return areas. The UNICEF and Save the Children-led Education Cluster has reported that immediate renovation of 2,368 partially damaged schools and provision of transitional school structures for 1,342 totally/fully damaged schools are critically needed to ensure that affected children are mainstreamed in school system. Many humanitarian agencies have been forced to scale down their presence in the flood affected areas due to shortage of funding. Further support is strongly needed to support the families returning to their damaged homes after having spent over three tough months in temporary shelters and makeshift camps. Underlying is the status of physically damaged schools fully or partially belonging to highly hit eight districts of Sindh.

Data Sources:

Primary Source

1. District Consultations on Flood Situations in Districts Benazirabad, Mirpurkhas, Badin & Tando Allahyar.

2. Focus Group Discussions

Secondary Sources

1. Initial Assessment report on damages in education sector by RSU and UNICEF

2. Education Cluster Updates 19 January 2012

3. Pakistan Humanitarian Bulletin 29 September 2011 (UN OCHA)

4. Education Cluster Monsoon 2011, Situation Report 7th December, 2011

5. Meeting Minutes of Sindh Education Cluster ( 15^th December 2011)

6. Situation report No. 15 UNOCHA

Background of the Situation:

The Early Recovery Phase 2010 Flood officially ended by 31st December 2011 as per NDMA decision leaving 71% targets unmet in education early recovery planning. Education (ERWG) early recovery working group has handed over data of school rehabilitated (1,087) and provided with TSS (267) under flood 2010 to RSU. There still is a huge gap in provision of transitional school structures and no additional funding has been received during the reporting period as of December 2011.Education Cluster has reached only 29% percent out of 388,509 its target beneficiaries.

Under Education response 2010 some 484,782 beneficiaries including 165,575 girls/females have been reached through various activities. UNESCO with support of Qatari Diyar (a Qatar Private firm) distributed food and nonfood items to 1,000 girl students of Class 1 and Kachi (Nursery) classes in 30 schools of Dadu(10), Thata(10) and Jamshroro(10) each girl received 2 pairs of school uniforms, 1 pair of shoes, 2 pairs of socks, P Cap and 5 packets of Nido milk. Accumulatively more than 170,000 children including 45 % girls were benefited through established of approximately 3,000 TLCS since the ER response started.

Figure-1: Number of TSS/TLS Provided and Schools Rehabilitated

Organization	# of TSS/TLS Provided	# of School Rehabilitated
IRC	0	20
DevCon	0	54
IDP	0	4
CGN	0	21
Ed Link	0	8
Pak Army	0	16
Action Aid	0	7
IRC	6	0
UNICEF	14	0
Save the Children	89	132
KOHSAR	20	0
HANDS	150	850
Total	279	1112

A total number of 8,169 teachers including 1,931 females have been trained on various areas including psychosocial support and DRR.

10% damaged Schools have been rehabilitated.

The worst monsoon rains in Pakistan’s 80 year history hit in late July 2010, resulting in severe flash floods. The education sector was hit particularly hard with over 10,348 schools damaged or destroyed in Pakistan and Sindh Province suffered 5,655 Physical damages of schools. Whereas out of more than ten thousands some 1,084 partially damaged schools have been renovated and rehabilitated (10% covered) and other 267 totally damaged schools were provided with TSS. The education situation in Pakistan has been tenuous for years. Even before the floods, only 2% of GDP was allocated to education, the lowest level in South Asia.4 Some people interviewed said “education in Pakistan was an emergency even before the emergency.” Before the floods, over 20% of children across the country were not enrolled in school.

Monsoon flood 2011

Relief services suffered 54% less funding.

Figure-2: Humanitarian Funding Status.

Category	Funded
Coordination	80%
Food Security	51%
Health	43%
Logistics	74%
Shelter/NFIs	48%
Water Sanitation & Hygiene	17%
Unspecified	00%
Total Funding against requirement	46%

Two facts pre-flood vulnerable situation and lack of well coordinated efforts after flood deteriorated the situation further to convince the humanitarian world for relief services in flood affected areas.

Relief Services are closed after 31^st December

Currently relief services are phased out for the start of early recovery activities from 1^st of the January 2012 but yet uncertain planning is going on. Early recovery framework demands revised appeal by the Government to humanitarian partners with compressive planning and coordination. Government has not yet revised its flash appeal and suggests incorporating the relief funds into ERF. Relief phase keeps life saving approach in initial three months of disaster where as recovery framework keeps sustainability and rehabilitation component as the priority. Projects serving in relief phase are different proposals serving different objectives in comparison to early recovery projects. During rescue phase we give cooked food, in relief phase ration and a food items are distributed and during recovery phase agri-inputs support and food for work approach is practiced. Agri-Inputs support is the only one intervention of the government and humanitarian partners in early recovery framework

Disaster is not just incident it is the situation if not meet timely will deteriorate. Currently RSU has released the figure of 1100 Schools as the IDPs in 1n eighteen districts of Sindh. Generally More than 2,449 schools in 10 districts of Sindh continue to host the displaced population. Voluntary movement of IDPs from these schools needs to be ensured.

Current Situation

Damage to education sector is extensive in Sindh. The situation is particularly alarming as flood damaged the mostly the districts with low social development indicators. The adverse impact of floods is felt across all levels, primary, middle and high, and to all, teachers, students, parents. The schools saved from flood damage became the center for IDP related relief activities.

Highlights of damages in Sind

v 4.8 million Affected, of which 2.4 million are children and 1.2 million women.

v 797,000 houses were reportedly damaged during the floods, of which 41% were completely destroyed.

v 84% of the affected population is food-insecure.

v 46% of the health facilities were damaged by the floods.

v Open defecation increased by 11-17%, increasing exposure to disease.

v 70% of children lost all their learning materials in the floods.

v 60% of the schools have been damaged or 8,820 schools.

v 1,972 km2 of land still under water. Badin, Sanghar, Umerkot and Mirpurkhas remain the most affected by the floods

75% needs are unmet against nearly 390,000 target beneficiaries of the education cluster to help affected children, adolescents and their parents to access their right to education without delay. As per report members of education cluster cannot respond to critical education needs due to the absence of funding.

Figure-3: Status of targets VS achievements in relief phase

Activity	Target	Achievement	Gap (%)
Setting up TLCS	5,137	1,959	62%
Enrollment in TLCs	359,559	92,697	74%
Renovation of Partially damaged	3,975	-------------	100%
Provision of TSS	1,816	-------------	100%
Distribution of Education supplies	376,929	95,195	75%
Capacity building of Teachers	28,950	2,498	91%
Total Beneficiaries Reached	388,509	95,195	75%

Education cluster has reached only 25% of its nearly of its nearly 390,000 target beneficiaries. Immediate funding is critically needed to enable humanitarian partners to establish more TLCs, renovate flood affected schools and provide necessary educational supplies in Sindh.

The impact on education seems to be substantial with most school buildings either fully or partially damaged or used for providing shelter. Children were also affected with loss of education material and in districts Badin, TandoAllahya, TMK and thata 38% children lost education material.

There’s been a drastic decline in attendance rate of children between the age of 5 and 17, particularly among girls, before and after the flood. Report shows the percentage decline from 31 to 38% in attendance for boys and girls in highly hit eight districts of Sindh namely Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Umerkot, Tando Allahyar, Tando Muhammad Khan, Badin, Shaheed Benazir Benazirabad and Tharparkar. Reasons for not attending the schools are reported as Road destroyed, School destroyed/damaged, School occupied as shelter, No teacher, need children to work, and those could no longer afford school.

Current Planning Scenario

All Clusters have presented Early Recovery projects to the Provincial Disaster Management Authority in Sindh and Balochistan for a possible launch of the Early Recovery Framework at end of January.

All the projects which were submitted under flash appeal 2011 will now be transmitted to early recovery framework which has not yet been incorporated in ERF.

As humanitarian actors prepare early recovery actions, residual relief interventions will still be required for one to two months in areas where flood water still persists. As of 1 January 2012, according to FAO, 86% of the floodwater has receded from the flood affected areas with residual floodwater still present.

Physical Damages Status of Highly Hit Districts in Sindh

Reform Support Unit Government of Sindh with the collaboration of UNICEF and Save the Children has currently produced the lists of the fully and partially damaged schools in 18 districts of the Sindh. As per report out of the 3710 damaged schools 1342 are fully damaged needing temporary school structures and 2368 partially damaged needing temporary learning centers. Currently in 18 districts 1100 schools have been reported as IDP camps.

Figure-4: District Wise damages of Schools due to Rain Flood 2011
RSU 8 District
S#	District	Physical Status			IDP Camps
S#	District	*CD	*PD	*TD	IDP Camps
1	Sanghar	307	538	845	730
2	Mirpurkhas	281	224	505	34
3	Badin	221	249	470	34
4	T.M Khan	71	247	318	187
5	S.B Ababd	134	166	300	23
6	Tharparker	57	212	269	0
7	Umerkot	68	136	204	0
8	T.A Yar	17	61	78	25
Total		1156	1833	2989	1033

Above mentioned status of damages in education sector need rehabilitation of 1156 fully damaged schools and renovation of 1833dgamaged schools in highly hit districts of Sindh.

Currently relief phase has officially stopped and early recovery framework is in preparation where as 75% education needs are unmet during the relief services. As per Education cluster meeting minutes dated on 15^th of the December 2011 all the projects will be transmitted to early recovery framework with collective oversight by NDMA/UNDP and OCHA which are yet under process after one month.

Community Feedback/Observations

Mr. Hajano living in village Allah Bachayo UC Lowari Sharif told that before the flood his two male children toufique and Rehman were studding in two to three classes but now due the destructions of their houses and crops their motivation and priority is livelihood rather than education. He said our schools particularities of primary grade are host of the IDPs or already occupied as the Otaq by the peoples. He showed grief that future of their children is at stake due to the vulnerable situation of education. He suggested during the FGD that government should arrange schooling for disaster affected children with entertainment component and learning material to their place of living so that children engulfed with disaster can also be supported with the social psychological support. He shared his observations that in there are many schools yet under water.

During the consultation Mr. Rashid, the social activist in Tando allahyar suggested that School could be the best place to intervene and respond the situation the vulnerable are encountered with. He referred the current survey reports made by UNICEF that most of the children in Sindh are malnourished and those are unable to go for school. He emphasized that flood could be the occasion to rebuild the future generation with balanced diet and pooling non functional schools in to the process of rehabilitation. He shared that “I have seen many schools well built being non functional due to lack of community participation and understanding with importance of education”. He also suggested that “Safe drinking water can also be assured to resist the water born diseases”.

In consultation workshop held at Shaheed Benazirabad Mr. Gul Bahar a School teacher complained that it has become customary to engage teachers in election duties or in other assignments which damages the quality of education. He also suggested that examination from one to three grades should be taken oral and slight.

Field based Recommendations:

The education response strategy should be developed through Provincial/hub level education cluster workshops to assure the well planned mitigation measures in early recovery framework and rehabilitation. District education scaling up plans for all flood-affected districts should be prepared. The National Education cluster can provide the necessary support for rolling out of these workshops. These workshops can lead to the Consolidated Response Plan for monsoon fold 2011. Keeping in view the time factor we are going to cross relief phase and yet no strategy from education cluster People Accountability Commission on Flood suggests recommendations to counter the flood situation as under

· Establishment of Temporary Learning Centers (TLCs) focusing majorly on spontaneous camps and the areas where physical infrastructure is completely destroyed.

· Rehabilitation of schools affected by the floods or as a result of being used as IDP shelters. In highly hit eight districts of Sindh more than 1100 schools have been reported IDPs camps.

· Provision of Temporary School Structures TLCs for partially 2368 and TSS for completely 1342 damaged schools should be prioritized list is Available with RSU. TSS are needed terribly where schools have completely damaged.

· Provision of safe drinking water and gender sensitive sanitation to functioning schools. Holistic and integrated approach is needed to manage successfully the rehabilitation process of the schools.

· Teacher training on coping skills, emergency preparedness and DRR skills, using participatory, gender and learner-centered teaching methodology. Only hardware component of the rehabilitation process should not be observed but software component should also be observed. DRR component is indispensable in the context of emergency situation.

· Reactivating and strengthening of Parent Teacher Committees (PTC) and School Management Committees (SMCs) and training in disaster management. Participatory approach by involving the community in the process of flood response can be the guaranty of Sustainability of the structures and self-reliance.

· All stakeholders should continue undertaking community mobilization and participation of importance of Girls education and in bringing children and adolescents back to schools and specially those who have never been in Schools.

· Monitoring children and adolescents who have returned to their villages is critical to ensure that they continue their schooling. The reasons of the not attending are many should be responded to assure the education of all.

· As per estimation more than eight thousands schools need urgently temporary learning centers and child friendly spaces or Temporary school structures to respond. Government should respond with the support of humanitarian world immediately.

· 1100 schools are IDPs camps should be made functional with the consent of the community.

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Peoples Accountability Commission on Floods (PACF)

10th CSFSR

Executive Summary: