13th Report
Critical Humanitarian Funding Situation
Due to the lack of well coordinated efforts in
Coordination, Mobilization and Allocation of the relief funds by the
Government, for flood affected peoples.
Table of Contents
Data Sources
Primary Data
1. Feedback from PACF on basis of their field visits.
2. Charter of demands through Consultations at District level
of all concerned stakeholders.
3. Advocacy Meetings with Government Officials and
humanitarian partners/clusters
4. Focus Group Discussions with Community
5. Media Visits to hot spots
6. PDI Humanitarian Complaints mechanism
Secondary Data
1. Budget 2010-2011.
2. PDM details of the relief funds and expenditures.
3. Multi sector needs assessment (MSNA) by UNOCHA
4. Media references
5. Situation reports by different humanitarian partners
6. TSSU reports
7. PDMA/NDMA summaries and reports
8. Sphere standards, HAP standards and Hyogo Framework for Action.
Back Ground of the Situation:
Flood 2010 yet 20% covered
The
unprecedented monsoon floods in July-August 2010 caused extensive human
suffering and damage to social and economic infrastructure across Pakistan. The
floods affected 20 million persons, damaged 1.6 million homes, rendering 7.3
million people homeless. Floods inflicted heavy losses to agriculture and
extensive damage to roads, bridges, irrigation, railways, electricity, gas
lines and education, health, water and sanitation facilities. Damage and Needs Assessment
(DNA) survey, conducted by World Bank and ADB, estimated damage at Rs 855
billion. The least cost reconstruction activities require Rs 613 billion (Rs
578 billion as per DNA estimates) out of which public sector infrastructure
needs have been estimated at Rs 323 billion.
Pakistan
was facing economic and budgetary problems before the floods and hence was
pursuing an IMF stabilization programme since November 2008. The floods further
deteriorated the economic outlook and posed a great challenge to public
finance. In the financial year (2010-11), GDP and inflation was to miss the
targets. It was estimated in National
Reconstruction Plan flood 2010 that GDP would grow by 2.8 percent and inflation
would increase by 15 percent. Tax revenue was likely to fall with the weakening
of economic activity, while the floods necessitated huge spending on rescue,
relief and rehabilitation needs and reconstruction during 2010-11 and beyond.
Reconstruction
work put deleterious effect on the budget. Government was adjusting the fiscal
framework to accommodate additional spending. Resources were being shifted from
low-priority current and development spending and additional resources were to
be mobilized through restructuring of tax structure and through tariff
rationalization of the energy sector. Given the magnitude of reconstruction
needs, government was also exploring all possible sources of external finance,
especially for citizen damage compensation.
The
National Flood Reconstruction Plan was formulated with inputs from National
Oversight Disaster Management Council (NODMC) to provide policy direction for a
plan of action and framework for better implementation of projects.
Damage and Needs
Assessments (DNA) Report prepared by the World Bank – ADB estimated an overall
loss of Rs 855 billion ($10.0 billion). Of the total loss, damages due to
agriculture, housing and transport & communication infrastructure roughly
account for about 50%, 16% and 13% respectively. The Report also presented
three reconstruction options. Option 1, costing Rs 578 billion ($6.8 billion)
relates to replacement of the lost infrastructure and restoration of
livelihood, trade and business activities; Option 2, costing Rs 630 billion
($7.4 billion) represents build back better; whereas Option 3, costing Rs 758
billion ($8.9 billion) reflects building back better/safer with special
emphasis on housing, irrigation and agriculture infrastructure and for future
flood protection. However, in view of the current financial constraint being
faced by
Pakistan,
reconstruction effort is restricted to Option 1, the least costly. Of the total
flood losses of Rs 855 billion, Sindh was the worst affected (44%), followed by
Punjab (26%), KPK (12%) and Federal Areas/Government (11%). More than 50% of
total damages were in agriculture sector, wherein crops account for 89%.
Total funds
requirement for reconstruction was estimated at Rs 613 billion. This figure was
higher by Rs 35 billion compared to the DNA’s estimate of Rs 578 billion
because of housing sector. Government under Citizens’ Damage Compensation
scheme intended to disburse Rs
161 billion (Rs
100,000 per household to Rs 1.61 million household) where as DNA estimates compensation
at Rs 126 billion (Rs 100,000 each for 913,307 completely damaged and Rs
50,000 each for
697,878 partially damaged houses). total estimated reconstruction cost for
replacement of physical and strengthening of soft infrastructure was estimated
at Rs 323 billion (US$ 3.8 billion) to be financed from the development budget.
Humanitarian
world with consent of the government in the month of September 2010 prepared
flood relief and early recovery response Plan for Pakistan. 97 US dollars were
required to benefit the flood affected victim in wash, health, shelter
agriculture, food, protection, education, nutrition and Community Restoration.
Target beneficiaries
|
WASH 14
million
Health 11
million
Shelter 8.8
million
Agriculture
7 million
Food 6.2
million
Protection
5 million
Education
1.3 million
Nutrition
460,000
Community
Restoration (varies by sub-sector; average of 55% of people in need)
|
Total funding requested
|
Funding
request per beneficiary
|
$1,938,207,278
|
$97
|
Financial Response plan August 2010-2011
The
response to the floods till august 2010 to August 2011 was critical and needed
further interventions and in the mean time emergency through rain flood
affected twice to Pakistan and majorly Sindh. A summary of the key findings of
the response status is provided below
Reported
Access to Services Since the Flood
|
|||
Service
|
Better
|
Same
|
Worse
|
Water
|
10.3%
|
50.2%
|
39.5%
|
Sanitation/Toilets
|
4.1%
|
44.7%
|
51.3%
|
Healthcare Access
|
18.4%
|
42.7%
|
38.9%
|
Healthcare Quality
|
16.8%
|
42.3%
|
40.9%
|
Pregnancy Services
|
14.3%
|
51.7%
|
34.0%
|
Education Access
|
9.5%
|
64.2%
|
26.3%
|
Education Quality
|
8.1%
|
61.9%
|
30.0%
|
Food Access
|
7.6%
|
21.2%
|
71.2%
|
Food Quality
|
2.7%
|
22.0%
|
75.3%
|
Household Income
|
1.0%
|
11.0%
|
88.0%
|
The economic losses during the supper
floods 2010 were estimated by the Sindh Government at Rs 454 Billion.
Agriculture and Housing sector were major affectees with losses of Rs 136
Billion and Rs 134 Billion respectively. With regard to the expenses made in
response to the super flood 2010 the total Rs. 20 billion was spent an amount
that was not budgeted on flood related expenses by the Sindh Government with
other humanitarian funding of 1,378,399,110 US dollars. The gape of the
resources required and losses sustained was critical and 30% gap of humanitarian funding and 95% gap
by government funding was observed in response to the relief and rehabilitation
process against flood 2010.
It was critical to found that
humanitarian funding by international community and government could only
rehabilitate 20% damages and losses of flood 2010.
Rain Flood 2011
Heavy rains
during August and September 2011 caused renewed and devastating flooding in
southern and northern part of Sindh and Balochistan provinces. The subsequent
breach in drainage canal at several locations resulted in submerging vast areas
of land. The flood impacted 22 districts in Sindh and 11 districts in
Balochistan with heavy damages to public and private assets.
The NDMA and PDMA
figures initially estimated that some 9.18 million people were affected by the
flooding. Estimates on the number of displaced people differed depending on the
source and a rapid initial assessment counted about 5.8 million affected
populations in the worst hit areas. In Sindh 13 districts and in Balochistan 5
districts were notified as calamity hit.
Highlights
The total number
of affected people in the notified calamity hit areas is estimated at 5.2
million. The brunt of the impact of the
flood was on housing and agricultural crops: 34 percent of households lost
their houses and 60 percent of the houses were partially damaged. The average
paddy crop loss is estimated at 77 percent and cotton production lost 92
percent for those who cultivated the crops.
40 percent of households
reported that their main economic activity has been discontinued. An additional
48 percent reported that their economic activities were disrupted by the flood.
On average a household lost 202,550 rupees in income (not taking into account
asset losses). This adds up to a total estimated financial income loss between
one trillion to 1.2 trillion rupees.
A total number of
households facing severe food insecurity are estimated at 2.5 million people of
whom almost half a million are facing hunger.
Chief Economist Office is underway to
finalise the needs assessments of the Sindh. Yet no any figure has been
finalized in context of the reconstruction and response plan for the rain flood
2011. 1.2 trillion rupees have been estimated the income loss.
Current Situation
Thousands remain
displaced in flood-affected areas and many have returned home to little or
nothing. Further funding is needed to assist flood-affected families .Critical
humanitarian needs remain unmet flood affected peoples over 5 million people in
seventeen districts of the Sindh. Over 90 per cent of floodwater has reportedly
receded from affected areas, but more than 10,000 families (55,953 people)
still live in temporary settlements in Sindh Province. Land remains under water
in many areas, hindering the return of displaced families.
The initial rapid
response plan for the 2011 floods launched in September 2011 is currently
funded at 47 per cent, or US$168 million. The Government of Pakistan and
humanitarian partners are yet finalizing a framework to address early recovery
needs in flood-affected areas. People remain at risk and further funding is
needed to help them restore their livelihoods.
The sudden end of
the relief services and delayed response in early recovery initiatives have reported
due to the lack of funding and timely planning.
Relief department
government of Sindh is without funding by government where as disaster
management authorities at districts have been reported to suffer 200 million
losses. NDMA has requested and demanded from federal government Rs 20 billion
for disaster preparedness. It was found that disaster management authorities
are suffering lack of the funding for disaster preparedness.
As per report of
the PDMA Government has spent Rs 2.38 billion against the need of 20 billion
suffering 9.62 billion gaps (90%) during the relief services where as 53% gap
of humanitarian funding has added fuel to fire.
Statement showing
the allocation of funds % expenditures by PDMA till 15th February
2011 against the relief services by the Provincial government of the Sindh and
Pakistan.
Utilization
details of the funds received from financial division and provincial disaster
management fund.
S#
|
Particulars
|
Expenditures
|
1
|
Dry Ration
|
1,334,652,381
|
2
|
Drinking Water
|
7,381,487
|
3
|
Tents
|
616,993,225
|
4
|
Plastic Sheets
|
201,698,225
|
5
|
Mosquito net
|
17,738,296
|
6
|
Transportation
|
25,992,205
|
7
|
Miscellaneous
|
59,931,223
|
Total
|
2,281,329,113
|
|
Total in Millions
|
2,281.33
|
|
District
administrations (DCs) two month before DCOs were the responsible through their
secretariat to distribute the above items to the flood affected peoples.
Research and
Advocacy department found that eight million amount which was supposed
for the rehabilitation of flood affected peoples under annual development
program 2011-2012 was allocated to MPAs to do work in their
constituencies. This money was allocated
for the rehabilitation of two hundreds villages and construction of forty
thousand damaged houses with facilities as health and education.
It was also found that there was a fund of Rs.12 Billions as Sindh Social Relief
Fund [SSRF] with Sindh Fund Management House [SFMH] located in Finance
Department, Government of Sindh. This amount was reserved for the purpose of
responding natural disasters and emergencies but unfortunately, it had not been
utilized in 2010 and 2011. Currently this amount has been transferred to
federal government program to distribute in unemployed youths at the rate of
three lacks to the thirty five thousands beneficiaries. Logic behind the
officially end of the relief phase on 31st December 2011 and
liabilities of 200 million rupees with flood affected districts was beyond the
understanding keeping in view the diversion of the resources and delayed early
recovery phase yet have not been started.
Community Observations
Research and
Advocacy secretariat conducted focus group discussions and consultations
workshops in highly hit eight districts of the Sindh. The structured interviews
were also conducted form the key respondents of the flood affected areas.
During the consultation workshops at district
level social activists, flood affected communities and other civil society
stakeholders showed their grave concerns over bed governance at district level.
90% Flood affected peoples blamed district administrations for corruption in
wheat distribution and in other services by showing political polarization and
favoritism. Flood affected peoples denied the claim of the government to
support the flood affected peoples in providing the relief services to the
flood affected peoples.
During the FGDs
in villages Jam Nawaz Ali, Husaain Bux Mari, Sindhri, Ibrahim and village
jhando Mari, chamber Satrio at Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Tando Allahyar and
Umerkot Districts community was complaining the denial of the relief services
and showed grave concern over the mall practices by district administrations.
The flood
affected peoples were not inclined to believe that government can work without
corruption and demanded the international community to help with the
transparent systems.
Flood affected peoples were asking for strengthening the accountability process at district level to assure the smooth delivery of the relief funds for flood affected peoples.
Flood affected peoples were asking for strengthening the accountability process at district level to assure the smooth delivery of the relief funds for flood affected peoples.
Recommendations
v Government should prepare Law on
Compensation of Civilian Victims on Natural disaster.
v Government should put expenditures of
relief and recovery services executed by District administrations with breakups
on PDM website.
v Peoples’ participation and
decentralization in relief and recovery services devoid of the political
interests and favoritism should be assured.
v Government should keep money for
disaster preparedness and emergency so that any untoward disaster can be
responded timely keeping in view the prediction of metrological department for
upcoming heavy monsoon threats.
v Government should try to minimize the
trust deficit so that resource mobilization can be made by pooling the
international community with effective coordination.
v Government should take opportunity to
rebuild the sustainable basic physical infrastructure keeping in view the
disaster risk reduction component while responding to the building shelters,
schools, basic health facilities and physical infrastructure development.
v Government should focus on the
approach of development by programs rather than development by schemes and idea
of the rural development should be incorporated into rehabilitation of process
for the flood affected peoples.
v Non development expenditures should be
curtailed and budget should be increased and allocated for the development of
the flood affected peoples.
v It was to be assured that flood
affected peoples are getting relief services with dignity
v Comprehensive planning through well
balanced data of needs assessment and appropriation of the funds should be made
to respond the disaster.
No comments:
Post a Comment